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Autofluorescence microscopy of fresh cervical-tissue sections reveals alterations in tissue biochemistry with dysplasia.
Fluorescence spectroscopy offers an effective, noninvasive approach to the detection of precancers in multiple organ sites. Clinical studies have demonstrated that fluorescence spectroscopy can provide highly sensitive, specific and cost-effective diagnosis of cervical precancers. However, the underlying biochemical mechanisms responsible for differences in the fluorescence spectra of normal and d…
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The levels of NAD and NADH in blood of patients with cancer.
The levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and NADH in blood of patients with cancer in various stages of development as well as their modification after glucose administration were determined in 188 respectively 77 cases.
NAD was significantly decreased in patients with cervix and breast carcinoma but unaltered in patients with metastatic cancers (and lung carcinoma) comp… |
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High lactate levels predict likelihood of metastases, tumor recurrence, and restricted patient survival in human cervical cancer
Pathophysiological parameters such as vascular density and tissue oxygen pressure can influence tumor malignancy and patient survival.
Observations from our group showed that metastatic spread of carcinomas of the uterine cervix and of head and neck cancers was closely correlated with the lactate concentration in the primary lesion. Because these results were obtained in a low number… |
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Having children with different men and subsequent cancer risk. A nationwide study in Denmark.
The more men by whom a woman has children, the more diverse will be the foetal antigens of paternal origin introduced into her bloodstream, and we investigated whether this has an impact on subsequent cancer risks.
By using population registries we identified 64704 women who had children with at least two different partners from 1973 to 1996 in Denmark. We compared their cancer incid… |
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Relationship between serum tryptophan and tryptophan metabolite levels after tryptophan ingestion in normal subjects and age-rel
1. Cataract is the single major cause of blindness worldwide; however, the reasons for the development of this condition remain unknown. It has been suggested that the essential amino acid tryptophan may be implicated in the aetiology but definitive evidence has been lacking.
2. The serum levels of tryptophan and seven of its metabolites have been measured in both cataract patients a… |
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Cataract and metabolic disease.
In addition to the already recognized metabolic diseases which have been associated with cataract formation, e.g. galactosaemia, galactokinase deficiency, Lowe's syndrome and diabetes, several other disorders can also lead to the development of cataracts.
They are sorbitol dehydrogenase deficiency, uridine diphosphate galactose-4-epimerase deficiency, marginal maternal transferase an… |
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Oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk: the role of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase and its genetic variants.
Several risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) induce atherosclerosis through endothelial activation and dysfunction, and ample evidence now suggests that the balance between production and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) - a condition termed oxidative stress - is implicated in such processes.
A main source of ROS in vascular cells is the reduced nicotinamide adenine… |
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Skeletal muscle biochemistry and histology in ambulatory patients with long-term heart failure.
Recent studies in patients with long-term heart failure have suggested that intrinsic abnormalities in skeletal muscle can contribute to the development of early lactic acidosis and fatigue during exercise. T
he present study provides an analysis of substrate and enzyme content, fiber typing, and capillarization in skeletal muscle biopsy samples obtained at rest from the vastus latera… |
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Increased myocardial NADPH oxidase activity in human heart failure.
OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate whether nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 3-phosphate (reduced form) (NADPH) oxidase is expressed in the human heart and whether it contributes to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in heart failure.
BACKGROUND: A phagocyte-type NADPH oxidase complex is a major source of ROS in the vasculature and is implicated in the pathophys… |
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Free fatty acid kinetics and oxidation in congestive heart failure.
To characterize fuel utilization of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), we measured serum free fatty acid (FFA), counterregulatory hormone concentrations, whole body substrate oxidation rates (indirect calorimetry), and the turnover and oxidation rates of FFA ([1-(14)C]-palmitate infusion) in 7 patients with CHF and in 7 cardiac patients without CHF after an overnight fast.
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ED use of rapid lactate to evaluate patients with acute chest pain.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that ED arrival venous lactate levels can be used to diagnose acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to identify patients with critical illness in the triage of ED patients presenting with chest pain.
METHODS: This was a prospective, double-blind, clinical study in an urban, academic ED. We enrolled a convenience sample of adult patients who had… |
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The relationship between exposure duration, carboxyhemoglobin, blood glucose, pyruvate and lactate and the severity of intoxicat
The relationship between exposure duration, COHb, blood glucose, pyruvate and lactate and the severity of intoxication was investigated in a group of 39 cases of acute CO poisoning treated in the Clinical Toxicology Center in Lodz, Poland.
On the basis of clinical criteria the patients were classified into cases of mild, moderate, severe and very severe CO poisoning. COHb and carbohy… |
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The effect of exposure duration on the blood level of glucose, pyruvate and lactate in acute carbon monoxide intoxication in man
Blood glucose, pyruvate and lactate were examined during hospitalization of 13 cases of acute carbon monoxide poisoning developing from short (less than or equal to 1.5 h) or long (10-14 h) exposure. CO intoxication resulted in increased blood levels of all carbohydrate metabolites studied.
Increased levels of pyruvate and lactate were much more pronounced and lasted for a longer tim… |
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Recurrent acute life-threatening events and lactic acidosis caused by chronic carbon monoxide poisoning in an infant.
Acute severe carbon monoxide poisoning is usually easy to recognize and diagnose. However, chronic or less severe exposure may produce more subtle symptoms.
We report on a 31/2-year-old girl who was admitted to the hospital several times with acute, life-threatening events, acidosis, and flu-like symptoms. The diagnosis was elusive, but after careful questioning of family members and… |
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Mapping the role of NAD metabolism in prevention and treatment of carcinogenesis.
Studies presented here show that cellular NAD, which we hypothesize to be the relevant biomarker of niacin status, is significantly lower in humans than in the commonly studied animal models of carcinogenesis.
We show that nicotinamide and the resulting cellular NAD concentration modulate expression of the tumor suppressor protein, p53, in human breast, skin, and lung cells. Studies … |
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Correlation of high lactate levels in head and neck tumors with incidence of metastasis.
Using quantitative bioluminescence imaging, tissue concentrations of ATP, glucose, and lactate were registered in biopsies that were taken from primary tumors of human head and neck at the time of first cancer diagnosis.
From 15 patients investigated at present, 6 had locoregional lymph node metastasis, 6 had no detectable metastatic spread, 2 biopsies contained dysplasias, and 1 bio… |
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Enhanced poly ADP-ribosylation in human leukemia lymphocytes and ovarian cancers.
Freshly isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes from leukemia (AML, ALL, CML) subjects, showed a 2.5-3.5-fold increase in the poly ADPR transferase (poly ADPRT) activity whereas ovarian cancers showed a 2-fold increase.
This was accompanied by a drop in NAD levels of 45%-63% in leukemia cells and 40% in ovarian cancers. Tumour promoters phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and m… |
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Effect of hyperthermia in vitro and in vivo on adenine and pyridine nucleotide pools in human peripheral lymphocytes.
Hyperthermia has been shown in vitro and in vivo to potentiate the effects of ionizing irradiation. Previous studies found that hyperthermia alters the metabolism of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose polymers required for recovery from DNA damage and that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity is very sensitive to cellular nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels.
Thus, the effe… |
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Evaluating the role of niacin in human carcinogenesis.
Our understanding of the role of ADP-ribose polymer metabolism in limiting carcinogenic events and the dependence of this metabolism on cellular NAD levels predicts that niacin deficiency leading to reduced NAD levels may enhance carcinogenesis.
This prediction has led us to initiate studies to evaluate the potential of niacin as a preventive factor in human cancer. The first approac… |
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Severe lactic acidosis in a 14-year-old female with metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma of unknown primary.
A 14-year-old girl was found to have a large, non-tender breast mass with anemia and thrombocytopenia. The diagnosis of an undifferentiated carcinoma of unknown primary was made after open breast biopsy of the mass with negative immunohistochemical studies for breast malignancies.
Further evaluation showed extensive metastatic disease affecting the bone marrow, ribs, liver, and brain… |
