OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of lactate as a marker of tissue hypoperfusion and as a prognostic index in critically ill patients.
METHODS: Prospective, longitudinal, observational study of 75 patients admitted to the pediatric ICU of Hospital de Clínicas of Universidade Federal do Paraná, between November 1998 and May 1999. According to the lactate level on admission, patients were…
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Blood lactate concentration as prognostic marker in critically ill children
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Regulation of glycolysis in the erythrocyte: role of the lactate/pyruvate and NA…
Mature erythrocytes, when removed from the circulation, exhibit severe disturbances of glycolytic flow, with accumulation not only of lactate, the ultimate product of glycolysis, but also of several upstream metabolic intermediates, primarily fructose-1,6-diphosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. This accumulation may be prevented (and also reverted) by allowing the …
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Sorbitol dehydrogenase: structure, function and ligand design.
Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), a member of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase protein family and the second enzyme of the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism, converts sorbitol to fructose strictly using NAD(+) as coenzyme.
SDH is expressed almost ubiquitously in all mammalian tissues. The enzyme has attracted considerable interest due to its implication in the development of d… |
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Effect of Diet Restriction on Some Key Enzymes of Tryptophan-NAD Pathway in Rats…
It is known that dietary tryptophan can be converted to nicotinamide nucleotides in the body. Both the level of tryptophan and the energy content of the diet have been shown to influence the efficiency of conversion. The rate at which tryptophan is converted to nicotinamide nucleotides in the body may be expected to be influenced by the activities of the enzymes concerned with the tryptophan-NAD p…
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The tryptophan depletion test. Basic principles and clinical relevance.
The application of a tryptophan-free amino acid mixture (tryptophan depletion test) induces a rapid and substantial lowering of both total and free plasma tryptophan. Consequently, the brain serotonin content and also cerebral serotonin function are decreased.
This method provides a paradigm to study the role of serotonin in the pathobiology of depressive disorders and their treatmen… |
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Brief description of the NAD Energy Values
Energy Value I
Energy value 1 shows the available level of NAD coenzymes required for more than 200 metabolic functions in the body's cells.This value is an indication of the ratio between the measurements of lactate and pyruvate, and provides a reliable measurement of the NAD levels in the blood. The normal value is set at 100+ and values which are lower than 100, indicate the possib… |
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Testing of NAD Energy Levels
There are various methods to measure energy metabolic deficiencies, but only a few are affordable and generally available. The measurements of lactate and pyruvate in the blood are used internationally as indicators of the basic metabolic factors, because of their position in the process of physical cellular energy production.
The separate measurement of lactate and pyruvate, as well… |
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