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Tryptophan depletion in SSRI-recovered depressed outpatients.
RATIONALE: Recently, a number of studies have challenged the finding that acute tryptophan depletion (TD) increases depressive symptoms in medicated, formerly depressed patients. The present study examined the effects of acute nutritional TD on remitted depressed patients currently treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In an attempt to clarify conflicting earlier findings, the effe…
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Serotonin function and the mechanism of antidepressant action. Reversal of antid…
Brain serotonin content is dependent on plasma levels of the essential amino acid tryptophan. We investigated the behavioral effects of rapid tryptophan depletion in patients in antidepressant-induced remission.
Twenty-one patients who were depressed by DSM-III-R criteria received a 24-hour, 160-mg/d, low-tryptophan diet followed the next morning by a 16-amino acid drink, in a double… |
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Relapse of depression after rapid depletion of tryptophan.
BACKGROUND: Major depression is a common disorder but the pathophysiology is poorly understood. Current hypotheses implicate deficient function of brain serotonin pathways because drugs that selectively increase brain serotonin activity are effective antidepressants. However, there is no direct evidence that lowered serotonin function causes major depression. We aimed to assess whether lowering of…
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Positron emission tomography measurement of cerebral metabolic correlates of try…
BACKGROUND: Short-term depletion of plasma tryptophan has been shown to result in depressive relapse in patients with remission of major depression. Positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography studies implicated the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, thalamus, and caudate nucleus in the pathogenesis of depression. The purpose of this study was to …
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Neural and behavioral responses to tryptophan depletion in unmedicated patients …
CONTEXT: An instructive paradigm for investigating the relationship between brain serotonin function and major depressive disorder (MDD) is the response to tryptophan depletion (TD) induced by oral loading with all essential amino acids except the serotonin precursor tryptophan.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serotonin dysfunction represents a trait abnormality in MDD in the context… |
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Lactate provocation of panic attacks in depressed outpatients.
Forty-seven nonmelancholic depressed outpatients were infused with sodium lactate to explore the relationship between history of panic attacks and lactate-induced panic. Lactate panic was rated without knowledge of history of panic.
Fifteen of 29 patients (52%) with a history of spontaneous panic experienced panic attacks in response to lactate. Only 1 of 18 patients (6%) without a h… |
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Differences between males and females in rates of serotonin synthesis in human b…
Rates of serotonin synthesis were measured in the human brain using positron emission tomography. The sensitivity of the method is indicated by the fact that measurements are possible even after a substantial lowering of synthesis induced by acute tryptophan depletion. Unlike serotonin levels in human brain, which vary greatly in different brain areas, rates of synthesis of the indolamine are rath…
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Cognitive therapy does not prevent a response to tryptophan depletion in patient…
BACKGROUND: Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) induces depressive symptoms in remitted depressed patients treated with serotonergic medications, but not in patients treated with noradrenergic medications or electroconvulsive therapy. A recent study suggests that cognitive therapy (CT) protects against the effects of ATD, but the evidence is questionable. The present study compared the effect of ATD …
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